Biology
🔒 Log in to trackCell and genetics, human body systems, vitamins and minerals, diseases with pathogens, vectors and vaccines, plant physiology and classification, and branches of biology with ecology. Biology is the most-asked science area in CGL GA — mostly direct one-line facts.
One page per subtopic: detailed notes, every question type, formulas, tricks and practice sets.
Every formula on one printable page, grouped by subtopic.
4 exam-level questions worked step by step.
120 questions — untimed practice or a timed test with analysis.
Track record in the exam
Questions per shift in recent SSC CGL papers.
Test difficulty mix (120 questions)
Question patterns exams keep repeating
Taken from previous-year papers. If a pattern is marked "very common", expect to see it in your exam.
Vitamin or mineral and its deficiency disease
very common"Scurvy / rickets / goitre is caused by lack of..."
A = night blindness, B₁ = beriberi, B₃ = pellagra, C = scurvy, D = rickets.
Iodine = goitre, iron = anaemia. Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, K.
Lack of vitamin C causes which disease?
Vitamin C keeps gums and skin healthy
Without it, gums bleed and wounds heal slowly
Lemon, orange and amla are rich in it
Scurvy
Disease and its germ or carrier
very common"Dengue / malaria / TB is caused or spread by..." or "which is a viral disease".
First sort by germ: bacteria (TB, cholera, typhoid), virus (dengue, polio, measles), protozoa (malaria), fungus (ringworm).
Carriers: Anopheles = malaria, Aedes = dengue, Culex = filaria.
Which mosquito spreads dengue?
Dengue is a viral disease
Malaria is spread by Anopheles instead
Dengue is spread by the day-biting mosquito Aedes
Aedes
Human body records and facts
very common"Largest gland / longest bone / smallest bone / universal donor"
Skin = largest organ, liver = largest gland, femur = longest bone, stapes = smallest bone.
Adults have 206 bones. O negative is the universal donor.
Which is the smallest bone in the human body?
It is found in the middle ear
It is called the stapes
The femur is the longest bone, not the smallest
Stapes
Scientist and his discovery
very common"Who discovered penicillin / the cell / the vaccine?"
Hooke = cell, Jenner = smallpox vaccine, Pasteur = rabies vaccine, Koch = TB germ.
Fleming = penicillin, Banting and Best = insulin, Watson and Crick = DNA.
Who discovered penicillin?
Penicillin is an antibiotic
It came from the mould Penicillium
It was found in 1928 by Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming
Cell parts and genetics
very common"Powerhouse of the cell" or "sex of the child is decided by..."
Mitochondria = powerhouse, ribosome = makes protein, lysosome = suicide bag.
Human cells have 46 chromosomes. XX = girl, XY = boy.
The sex of a child is decided by whose cell?
The mother's egg always carries X
The father's sperm carries X or Y
X + X = girl, X + Y = boy, so the father decides
Father's sperm
Branch of study or farming word
very common"Ornithology / sericulture / apiculture is the study or rearing of..."
Study words: ornithology = birds, entomology = insects, ichthyology = fish, oncology = cancer.
Farming words: apiculture = bees, sericulture = silk, pisciculture = fish.
Sericulture is the rearing of what?
Sericulture is about making silk
Silk comes from an insect
The insect is the silkworm
Silkworms
Plant hormones and plant facts
very common"Which hormone ripens fruit?" or "potato is a modified..."
Auxin = shoot growth, gibberellin = stem growth, cytokinin = cell division, ethylene = fruit ripening.
Xylem carries water, phloem carries food.
Which plant hormone is a gas that ripens fruit?
Ripe fruits give out a gas
The gas ripens nearby fruits too
The hormone is ethylene
Ethylene
Scientific names
common"The scientific name of mango / neem / tiger is..." or "the first word of a scientific name is..."
A scientific name has two words: Genus (capital letter) then species (small letter).
Mango = Mangifera indica, neem = Azadirachta indica, tiger = Panthera tigris.
In Mangifera indica, what does Mangifera stand for?
A scientific name has two words
The first word is the genus, the second is the species
Mangifera is the first word
Genus