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medium importance~1-2 Q in Tier 111 formulas⚡ 8 shortcuts4 subtopics

Every formula in this topic, grouped by subtopic. Print it and pin it above your desk.

What a Venn diagram encodes

Two-set union
|A \cup B| = |A| + |B| - |A \cap B|

The overlap is counted twice on the right, so subtract it once.

Only A
|A \setminus B| = |A| - |A \cap B|

Only A is A minus the overlap.

Number of parts
2^n

n circles make 2 to the power n parts, including the outside.

Two-circle counting

Two-set union
|A \cup B| = |A| + |B| - |A \cap B|

The overlap is counted twice on the right, so subtract it once.

Only A
|A \setminus B| = |A| - |A \cap B|

Only A is A minus the overlap.

Neither
\text{neither} = \text{total} - |A \cup B|

Everyone outside both circles.

Exactly one
|A| + |B| - 2|A \cap B|

Only A plus only B.

Three-circle counting

Three-set union
|A \cup B \cup C| = \Sigma|A| - \Sigma|A \cap B| + |A \cap B \cap C|

Add singles, subtract pairs, add the triple back.

Exactly two
\Sigma|A \cap B| - 3|A \cap B \cap C|

Sum of the pair figures minus three times the triple.

At least two
\Sigma|A \cap B| - 2|A \cap B \cap C|

Exactly two plus the triple.

Exactly one
|A \cup B \cup C| - \text{exactly two} - \text{all three}

Remove the multi-group members from the union.